Estimation of the environmental impact of CLAS vials in comparison with glass vials using a life-cycle assessment approach

Fast acting, broad spectrum antibiotic effective against the most important bacterial pathogens in BRD, Footrot, (after one sc injection), Swine and Ovine respiratory disease. Treatment is to be as early as possible in the course of the disease.  Florfenicol is NOT used in human medicine and is therefore ideally suited for use in food animals to circumvent bacterial resistance against antibiotics used in human medicine.  Few bacterial resistance problems are seen in cattle.  Florfenicol is effective against Mycoplasma bovis – the pathogen that aggravates BRD by making it more chronic (MIC₉₀ = 4μg/ mℓ).  We recommend that Florkem be used only therapeutically and NOT for metaphylaxis.

Proven to be tissue-friendly; 72 – 96 hours efficacy. The CLAS^® vial (light, shock-resistant, easy handling) ensures stability of the active ingredient – hence long shelf life of 3 years.

Treatment and prevention (block treatment) of Heartwater and Gallsickness (Anaplasmosis), Pneumonia, Foot rot, Navel ill, Joint ill and uterine infections are the most common indications for its use.

After one administration, it is effective against susceptible bacterial pathogens most associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease – namely Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis. Also effective against Moraxella bovis – most associated with Bovine Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).

For Swine Respiratory Disease it is effective against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Bordatella broncoseptica.

Recommended for metaphylactic use (mass medication) in high-risk cattle on introduction into the feedlot system as an aid to cost-effectively lower BRD morbidity and mortality.

One single administration early in the course of the disease: Prevents further multiplication of bacteria fast, and provides anti-prostaglandin, anti-endotoxic and analgesic action to curb further tissue damage.  Duration of the antibiotic and NSAID are about equal.  Cattle are put back onto feed faster with fewer relapses and lung lesions, and a better post-Rx daily mass gain compared to injection of the antibiotic alone. Meloxicam is safe for vultures as opposed to flunixin; In cold weather syringability is better compared to other florfenicol-NSAID combinations

FAST-ACTING (within 2-4 hours post-injection) antibiotic achieving high concentrations in affected tissues after administration – compared to the long-acting, slow release ceftiofur-crystaline-free acid (CCFA) formulations which take (80%) longer to reach a (70%) lower peak concentration.  For the treatment of Respiratory Disease in Cattle and Swine caused by susceptible (secondary) bacteria.  Also, for treating Foot rot and post-partum metritis in cows.  The initial treatment can be followed up with one injection of the CCFA formulation 24 hours later to circumvent the logistics of further daily administration for 3-4 days.